The exponential growth of digital technologies has transformed international marketing by enabling data-driven targeting, personalization, and cross-border customer engagement. However, the increasing reliance on consumer data has simultaneously raised serious concerns about privacy, surveillance, and misuse of personal information. In response, governments worldwide have enacted stringent data protection laws—such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), and similar frameworks in Asia, Africa, and Latin America—reshaping how firms design and execute international digital marketing strategies. This paper examines the intersection of data protection laws and international digital marketing, analyzing regulatory frameworks, strategic implications, and organizational responses. Drawing on institutional theory, trust-based marketing, and digital governance literature, the study proposes a conceptual framework linking regulatory compliance with marketing effectiveness and brand trust. The paper concludes with managerial implications, challenges, and future research directions.
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